Golf Shoe Bag: The Essential Guide
1. Why Every Golfer Needs a Golf Shoe Bag
Let’s face it, golf is not just a sport; it’s a lifestyle. And like any lifestyle worth its salt, the details matter. One of those details that often gets overlooked but can make a world of difference is a golf shoe bag. Whether you’re a seasoned pro or a weekend warrior, having a dedicated space to store your golf shoes is more than just a luxury—it’s a necessity.
- Protection for Your Investment: Golf shoes can be quite the investment. A good pair can set you back a pretty penny, and the last thing you want is for them to get scuffed or dirty from being tossed around in your trunk. A golf shoe bag keeps them safe, clean, and ready to perform at their best.
- Convenience and Organization: Ever find yourself rummaging through your car, looking for one missing shoe? With a golf shoe bag, those days are over. It keeps your shoes together, organized, and easy to grab when you’re headed to the course.
- Hygiene and Odor Control: After a long day on the course, your shoes might not be smelling like roses. A quality golf shoe bag can help contain any unpleasant odors and protect the rest of your gear from any dirt or grass that may have found its way into your shoes.
2. Choosing the Right Golf Shoe Bag
When it comes to picking the perfect golf shoe bag, the options might seem endless. But not all bags are created equal, and choosing the right one can significantly enhance your golfing experience. Whether you’re looking for functionality, style, or a bit of both, understanding what to look for will help you make the best choice. Let’s dive into the key factors to consider when selecting the ideal golf shoe bag.
Material Matters: What to Look For
The material of a golf shoe bag is crucial not only for aesthetics but also for durability and functionality. Here’s a breakdown of some popular materials and their benefits:
- Leather: A leather golf shoe bag offers a timeless, classic appeal. Leather is known for its durability and luxurious feel, making it a popular choice among golfers who value style and long-lasting products. However, leather bags can be heavier and may require more maintenance to keep them looking their best. They are perfect for golfers who want a bag that complements a sophisticated, classic look on the course.
- Nylon: Nylon is a lightweight, water-resistant material that is perfect for golfers who need a more practical and easy-to-maintain option. It’s tough enough to withstand the elements, making it a great choice for those who play in varied weather conditions. Nylon golf shoe bags are usually less expensive than leather ones, making them a popular choice for everyday use.
- Polyester: Similar to nylon, polyester is another lightweight, durable material often used in golf shoe bags. It’s resistant to stretching and shrinking, making it a great option for maintaining its shape over time. Polyester bags are typically available in various colors and styles, catering to golfers who prefer a more modern or sporty look.
- Breathable Mesh Panels: No one likes opening their golf shoe bag to find a musty smell. To prevent odor build-up and keep your shoes fresh, look for bags with breathable mesh panels. These panels allow air to circulate, helping to dry out your shoes after a damp round. This feature is particularly beneficial in humid climates or for golfers who often find themselves playing in wet conditions.
Size and Capacity: How Much Space Do You Need?
The size and capacity of your golf shoe bag are vital considerations, as they determine how much you can carry and how organized your gear will be.
- Single vs. Double Compartment: Golf shoe bags come in different configurations. Some have a single compartment where both shoes are stored together, which is simple and effective for basic needs. However, if you want to avoid the risk of shoes rubbing against each other and causing scuffs or wear, a double-compartment bag might be preferable. These bags offer separate spaces for each shoe, ensuring better protection and organization.
- Room for Extras: Are you someone who likes to be prepared for every situation? Then you might want a golf shoe bag with additional storage options. Look for bags with extra pockets or compartments where you can stash essentials like socks, golf gloves, shoe cleaning kits, or even personal items like keys and wallets. This added convenience can save time and make your golfing experience more enjoyable.
Style and Design: Making a Statement on the Course
A golf shoe bag is not just a practical item; it’s also an accessory that can reflect your personal style. Here are some design elements to consider:
- Classic vs. Modern: Your choice between a classic or modern design will largely depend on your personal taste and the overall look you want to project. Classic designs, often made from leather with subtle branding, give off an air of sophistication and timelessness. These are perfect for golfers who prefer a traditional, understated style. On the other hand, modern designs often incorporate vibrant colors, sporty logos, and sleek shapes, appealing to younger golfers or those who want their accessories to stand out.
- Color Choices: Many golf shoe bags come in a wide range of colors, allowing you to match your bag with the rest of your golf gear or your personal style. Whether you prefer neutral tones like black, white, or brown, or you want to make a statement with bold colors like red, blue, or green, there’s a bag to suit your preferences. Some golfers even opt for customized bags with their initials or a logo, adding a personal touch to their golfing ensemble.
3. Key Features to Look for in a Golf Shoe Bag
When you’re in the market for a golf shoe bag, not all bags are made equal. The best golf shoe bags go beyond just providing a space to store your shoes; they enhance your overall golfing experience by offering features that boost convenience, protect your gear, and add a touch of style. Here’s a detailed look at the essential features to consider when choosing the perfect golf shoe bag.
Ventilation and Breathability: Keeping Your Shoes Fresh
One of the most critical features of a golf shoe bag is its ability to keep your shoes fresh. After a long day on the course, your shoes might be damp or sweaty, leading to unpleasant odors if they’re not properly ventilated. This is where breathability comes into play.
- Mesh Inserts: Many golf shoe bags incorporate mesh inserts into their design. These inserts are strategically placed to allow air to flow through the bag, promoting ventilation. This airflow helps to dry out any moisture in your shoes, preventing the growth of bacteria and fungi that can cause bad smells. Mesh inserts are typically made from durable, high-quality materials that won’t tear easily, ensuring your bag stays functional for years.
- Ventilated Compartments: Some golf shoe bags go a step further by offering fully ventilated compartments. These compartments are specifically designed to allow maximum air circulation around your shoes. By keeping your shoes dry and fresh, ventilated compartments ensure that your footwear is always ready for the next round, no matter how intense the previous game was.
Waterproofing and Durability: Protecting Your Investment
Golf can be an all-weather sport, and sometimes, the weather is less than ideal. That’s why it’s important to look for a golf shoe bag that offers protection against the elements.
- Water-Resistant Coatings: A quality golf shoe bag should come with water-resistant coatings. These coatings help repel water, keeping your shoes dry even if you’re caught in a sudden downpour. Whether you’re walking from your car to the clubhouse in the rain or storing your bag in a damp area, water-resistant coatings provide that extra layer of protection your shoes need.
- Reinforced Seams: Durability is a must for any golf shoe bag, especially if you’re using it regularly. Reinforced seams are a key feature to look for, as they provide added strength to the bag’s construction. High-quality stitching ensures that the bag can handle the weight of your shoes without splitting or tearing, even after prolonged use. Look for bags that use heavy-duty threads and double-stitching in stress areas for the best results.
Easy Access and Organization: Simplifying Your Routine
A well-designed golf shoe bag should make your life easier, not more complicated. That’s why features that enhance accessibility and organization are crucial.
- Zipper Quality: A durable, smooth-gliding zipper is an essential feature for any golf shoe bag. The zipper should be robust enough to withstand frequent use without jamming or breaking. Look for zippers that open wide, allowing you to easily slip your shoes in and out without hassle. High-quality zippers are often made from metal or heavy-duty plastic, designed to last the life of the bag.
- Padded Handles or Straps: Comfort is another factor to consider, especially if you’re carrying your bag for extended periods. Padded handles or adjustable straps provide extra comfort, reducing strain on your hands and shoulders. Some golf shoe bags even come with detachable shoulder straps, giving you the flexibility to carry your bag in the most comfortable way possible.
Additional Storage: More Than Just Shoes
While the primary purpose of a golf shoe bag is to store your shoes, having additional storage options can be incredibly convenient. Many golfers appreciate having a single, compact bag that can carry not only their shoes but also other small items they might need on the course.
- Accessory Pockets: Some golf shoe bags are equipped with extra pockets designed to hold various accessories. These might include slots for tees, balls, gloves, or personal items like keys, a wallet, or a phone. Having these pockets means you can keep all your essentials in one place, reducing the risk of losing anything important and ensuring you have everything you need for a successful round of golf.
- Shoe Cleaning Compartment: If you’re serious about maintaining your golf shoes, look for a bag with a dedicated shoe cleaning compartment. This space is ideal for storing items like brushes, polish, and cloths, allowing you to clean and maintain your shoes whenever necessary. Keeping these supplies in your golf shoe bag means they’re always on hand, so you can keep your shoes looking their best and performing optimally.
4. Top Golf Shoe Bag Brands to Consider
Golf shoe bags are essential for keeping your golf shoes protected, organized, and fresh. Whether you’re heading to the course or need a convenient way to store your shoes at home, these bags offer practicality and style. Below, we review three popular golf shoe bags, highlighting their features, pros, and cons to help you make an informed decision.
1. YOREPEK Golf Shoe Bag
The YOREPEK Golf Shoe Bag is designed with both functionality and convenience in mind. It features a spacious main compartment that can accommodate up to size 15 shoes, making it suitable for most golfers. With additional pockets for accessories and a unique buckle top carry handle, this bag stands out as a versatile option for golfers looking to keep their shoes and accessories organized.
Pros:
- Spacious Design: Fits up to size 15 shoes, making it suitable for a wide range of golfers.
- Extra Storage: Includes two zippered side pockets and one large back pocket for accessories like socks, gloves, tees, and golf balls.
- Ventilation: Features ventilation on both sides to allow air circulation, keeping shoes fresh and dry.
- Waterproof Bottom: The PU leather film bottom provides waterproof protection, preventing moisture and dust from reaching the shoes.
- Versatile Use: Can be used for various types of shoes beyond golf, such as baseball, basketball, and even dress shoes.
- Convenient Carry Handle: The detachable buckle handle allows the bag to be hung on golf carts or other bags, adding convenience.
Cons:
- Limited Color Options: Available primarily in blue and black, which might not appeal to those looking for more variety in colors.
- Bulkier Design: While spacious, the larger size may not be ideal for golfers who prefer a more compact bag.
2. CaddyDaddy Golf Shoe Bag (Premium Golf Shoe Bag)
The CaddyDaddy Golf Shoe Bag is known for its durability and premium construction. Made from ultra-durable 1800D fabric, this bag promises longevity and reliable performance. It features ventilation to keep shoes fresh and includes an internal divider to prevent scuffing, making it a popular choice among golfers who value quality and practicality.
Pros:
- Durable Construction: Made from high-quality 1800D fabric, ensuring the bag lasts for years even with regular use.
- Ventilation Mesh: Mesh panels on each side of the bag help dissipate odor and allow shoes to air out, maintaining freshness.
- Internal Divider: Includes a removable internal divider to keep shoes separate, preventing scuffing and damage.
- Extra Pockets: Comes with two side pockets and one large front pocket for storing accessories like socks, golf balls, and tees.
- Versatile Use: Suitable for various types of shoes, making it useful beyond the golf course for travel, gym, or other sports.
- Stylish Design: The sleek and professional look of the bag makes it suitable for both men and women.
Cons:
- Slightly Higher Price: Priced higher than some other golf shoe bags, which might be a consideration for budget-conscious buyers.
- Limited Color Availability: Primarily available in basic colors, limiting personal style expression.
3. Athletico Golf Shoe Bag
The Athletico Golf Shoe Bag is a budget-friendly option that doesn’t skimp on quality. Constructed from durable 600D polyester fabric, it offers robust protection for your shoes while being easy on your wallet. Built-in ventilation and extra storage pockets make it a practical choice for everyday golfers.
Pros:
- Affordable Price: Offers excellent value for money, making it accessible to golfers on a budget.
- Durable Material: Constructed from 600D polyester fabric, ensuring durability and longevity.
- Built-In Ventilation: Features side ventilation to help air out shoes and reduce odor, keeping them fresh.
- Convenient Storage: Includes side pockets for holding additional items like tees, socks, and golf balls.
- Versatile: Suitable for different types of shoes, including athletic shoes and dress shoes, making it multifunctional.
- Lightweight and Portable: Easy to carry and store, making it ideal for golfers who travel frequently.
Cons:
- Basic Design: Lacks some of the premium features found in higher-end models, such as internal dividers or more extensive ventilation systems.
- Limited Style Options: Comes in basic colors, which might not appeal to those looking for more fashionable choices.
4. Lumberjack Plaid Premium Canvas Golf Shoe Bag
The Lumberjack Plaid Premium Canvas Golf Shoe Bag combines rugged durability with a stylish design. Made from high-strength canvas and leather, this bag is built to last and accommodate larger shoe sizes. Its versatility makes it suitable for a variety of sports and activities beyond golf, making it a great choice for those looking for a multifunctional shoe storage solution.
Pros:
- Durable Construction: Made from high-strength canvas and polyester, this bag is designed to withstand regular use and resist wear and tear.
- Spacious Design: Can easily accommodate up to size 14 shoes, providing ample space for larger shoe sizes.
- Versatile Use: Suitable for a wide range of sports and activities, including soccer, basketball, gym, travel, and more.
- Easy Glide Zipper: Features a large open mouth with an easy glide zipper, making it simple to add or remove shoes.
- Stylish Look: The combination of canvas and leather gives it a rugged, yet stylish appearance, appealing to both men and women.
- Satisfaction Guarantee: The brand offers a satisfaction guarantee, highlighting their confidence in the product’s quality.
Cons:
- Higher Price Point: At $39.99, it is more expensive than some other golf shoe bags, which might not appeal to budget-conscious buyers.
- Limited Color Options: Primarily available in a classic plaid design, which may not suit everyone’s taste.
5. Callaway Sport Shoe Case 23
The Callaway Sport Shoe Case 23 is a sleek and practical solution for golfers looking to store their shoes safely. With its compact size and lightweight design, this shoe case is perfect for easy transport. Made from durable polyester, it offers a straightforward way to carry and protect your golf shoes.
Pros:
- Compact and Lightweight: Its small size makes it easy to carry and store, ideal for golfers who prefer minimalistic and compact solutions.
- Durable Material: Constructed from polyester, ensuring that the shoe case can withstand regular use without showing signs of wear.
- Multiple Color Options: Available in white, black, and light blue, providing some variety for personal style preferences.
- Brand Reputation: Callaway is a well-known and trusted brand in the golf industry, offering assurance of quality and reliability.
Cons:
- Limited Capacity: Smaller size may not be suitable for those with larger shoe sizes or those who need additional storage space for accessories.
- Basic Features: Lacks ventilation and extra pockets, which are commonly desired features for keeping shoes fresh and organized.
- Higher Price: Priced at over $50, it is more expensive than other shoe bags that offer more features.
6. FOOTJOY Men & Women Golf Shoe Bags
The FOOTJOY Golf Shoe Bag is a versatile and stylish option designed for both men and women. With its breathable design and durable polyester construction, this bag offers practicality and comfort. It includes features like a full-open type and side mesh for ventilation, making it an excellent choice for keeping shoes fresh and organized.
Pros:
- Good Ventilation: Features side mesh panels that provide ventilation, allowing shoes to air out and stay fresh.
- Durable and Lightweight: Made from polyester, this bag is both sturdy and easy to carry, ideal for frequent use.
- Gender Neutral Design: Available in a navy-pink color combination that is suitable for both men and women.
- Spacious Enough for Small Items: While primarily designed for shoes, the bag is roomy enough to hold additional small items like socks and tees.
- Full-Open Type: The full-open design allows for easy access to shoes, simplifying packing and unpacking.
Cons:
- Limited Color and Style Options: Currently available in a limited color scheme, which might not appeal to everyone’s personal taste.
- Moderate Price Point: Priced at $36.98, it sits in the middle range, which might be considered expensive given the simpler design compared to other options.
7. HELIX Golf Shoe Bag (Blue)
The HELIX Golf Shoe Bag offers a practical design with features that cater to both golfers and other sports enthusiasts. Its durable polyester construction and side ventilation make it a reliable choice for keeping shoes fresh. The larger horseshoe-shaped opening and additional side pockets provide convenience and easy access.
Pros:
- Convenient Design: The horseshoe-shaped opening allows for easy storage and removal of shoes, enhancing user convenience.
- Side Pockets: Includes side pockets for storing additional items such as golf balls, sunglasses, or a small water bottle, increasing functionality.
- Ventilation: Built-in side ventilation helps dissipate odors and keep shoes fresh, making it suitable for use after sweaty games or workouts.
- Durable Material: Made from 600D heavy-duty polyester oxford, which resists tearing and ensures long-lasting use.
- Versatile Use: Can be used for various types of shoes, including athletic shoes and dress shoes, making it a versatile travel companion.
Cons:
- Limited Color Options: Primarily available in blue, which may not appeal to all users looking for more variety in colors.
- Mid-Range Price: Priced at $29.99, it offers good features but may seem expensive compared to bags with additional high-end attributes.
- No Internal Dividers: Lacks internal dividers to separate shoes, which could lead to scuffing during transport.
8. PGA TOUR Genuine Lightweight Golf Shoe Bag Sports Shoes Case
The PGA TOUR Genuine Lightweight Golf Shoe Bag is an officially licensed product that combines practicality with the quality associated with the PGA TOUR brand. This bag is designed to keep your golf shoes fresh and dry with superior ventilation and moisture control features. Its lightweight and compact design make it a convenient choice for golfers on the go.
Pros:
- Superior Ventilation: Features a full mesh top and vented shoe pockets that allow air to circulate, keeping shoes dry and odor-free.
- Moisture Control: Equipped with silica gel fabric inside to absorb moisture, preventing stickiness from sweat and humidity.
- Lightweight Design: Ultra-lightweight construction makes it easy to carry, ideal for frequent travel or daily use.
- Officially Licensed: Includes the PGA TOUR logo zipper pull, adding a touch of authenticity and style.
- Versatile Use: Suitable for various types of shoes, including gym shoes, running shoes, and casual shoes, making it a versatile choice.
Cons:
- Limited Capacity: Designed to fit up to men’s size 12, which may not be suitable for those with larger shoe sizes.
- Basic Design: Lacks additional storage pockets for accessories, which might limit its utility compared to other models.
- Higher Price for Simplicity: At $28.98, the price is moderate but might seem high given its basic features compared to more versatile options.
9. Upright Golf Shoe Bag, Saddle, One Size by Claire Chase
The Upright Golf Shoe Bag by Claire Chase is a luxury option made from top-grain cowhide leather, known for its high quality and sophisticated design. This bag is perfect for those looking to make a stylish statement while keeping their shoes protected. Its elegant design and plush interior lining ensure that shoes are stored in comfort and style.
Pros:
- Premium Leather Construction: Made from top-grain cowhide leather, offering a high-quality, durable, and stylish design that stands out.
- Elegant Look: The rich leather texture and classic color options (Saddle and Café) provide a sophisticated appearance, making it suitable for formal events and business travel.
- Plush Interior Lining: Features a fully padded interior that protects shoes from scratches and scuffs, maintaining their pristine condition.
- Front Pocket with Magnetic Closure: Includes a buckled front pocket for additional storage, offering convenience and quick access to small items.
- Durable and Long-Lasting: High-quality materials and craftsmanship ensure that this bag will last for years, aging gracefully over time.
Cons:
- High Price: At $110.12, this bag is significantly more expensive than standard golf shoe bags, making it a premium choice for those willing to invest in luxury.
- Limited Functionality: Primarily designed for carrying shoes, it lacks the versatile features (like ventilation or multiple compartments) found in more practical, less expensive bags.
- Heavier Weight: The use of leather makes it heavier than canvas or polyester options, which might not be ideal for all-day carrying or travel.
5. How to Care for Your Golf Shoe Bag
Taking good care of your golf shoe bag is crucial not only for maintaining its appearance but also for ensuring its functionality and durability. A well-maintained golf shoe bag can serve you for many years, protecting your shoes and making your golfing experience more enjoyable. Here’s a detailed guide on how to keep your golf shoe bag in top condition.
Cleaning and Maintenance Tips
Keeping your golf shoe bag clean is essential for both hygiene and aesthetics. Regular cleaning prevents the buildup of dirt, grime, and odors, ensuring that your bag looks good and performs well.
- Regular Cleaning: Start by wiping down the exterior of your golf shoe bag with a damp cloth regularly. This simple step helps remove dust and surface dirt that can accumulate from everyday use. If your bag has more stubborn stains, check the manufacturer’s care instructions. Some materials, like nylon and polyester, can often be spot cleaned with a mild soap solution. Leather bags, on the other hand, might require a specific leather cleaner and conditioner to maintain their texture and shine. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as they can damage the material.
- Deeper Cleaning: Occasionally, your golf shoe bag might need a more thorough cleaning. For bags that are machine washable, remove any detachable parts and wash on a gentle cycle using cold water. Make sure to air dry the bag instead of using a dryer to prevent shrinkage or damage to any synthetic materials. For non-machine washable bags, use a soft brush or cloth to scrub away dirt with a mild soap solution, then rinse with a damp cloth and let it air dry completely.
- Odor Control: A common issue with any shoe storage solution is odor. To keep your golf shoe bag smelling fresh, place dryer sheets or odor-absorbing sachets inside the bag when it’s not in use. Activated charcoal bags or baking soda can also work well for absorbing unwanted smells. Regular ventilation, by leaving the bag open when stored, can help reduce moisture buildup that contributes to odors.
Proper Storage When Not in Use
How you store your golf shoe bag when it’s not in use can significantly impact its lifespan and effectiveness. Proper storage practices help maintain the bag’s shape, prevent damage, and keep it ready for your next round of golf.
- Keep It in a Cool, Dry Place: Always store your golf shoe bag in a cool, dry location. Exposure to excessive heat or humidity can weaken the bag’s materials and lead to mildew growth. Avoid leaving your bag in a damp garage or a hot car for extended periods. Instead, opt for a well-ventilated closet or storage area where the bag can stay dry and cool.
- Avoid Overloading: Although it might be tempting to use your golf shoe bag to carry all your golf-related items, overstuffing can cause the zippers to break, the seams to tear, and the bag to lose its shape. Use the bag only for its intended purpose—storing your golf shoes and perhaps a few small accessories. Overloading not only damages the bag but can also make it uncomfortable to carry.
6. DIY Golf Shoe Bag Solutions
If you enjoy crafting or want to add a personal touch to your golfing gear, making your own golf shoe bag can be a fun and rewarding project. Not only do you get a functional bag, but you also have the opportunity to customize it to your specific needs and style preferences. Here’s how you can create a custom golf shoe bag from scratch.
Making Your Own Customized Shoe Bag
Creating a DIY golf shoe bag is easier than you might think. With a few materials and some basic sewing skills, you can design a bag that fits your style and meets your requirements.
Choose Your Fabric
The first step in making your own golf shoe bag is selecting the right fabric. Opt for a durable, easy-to-clean material like canvas, nylon, or polyester. These materials are not only sturdy enough to protect your shoes but are also resistant to dirt and moisture, making them practical for outdoor use. You can also personalize the fabric choice by selecting your favorite colors or patterns. If you want to add a bit of luxury, consider using faux leather for a more upscale look.
Simple Design
A basic drawstring bag pattern is a great starting point for a DIY golf shoe bag. Drawstring bags are easy to make and provide quick access to your shoes. Begin by cutting two pieces of fabric to your desired size, ensuring they are large enough to comfortably fit your golf shoes. Sew the sides and bottom together, leaving the top open. Fold the top edge over twice to create a casing for the drawstring, then sew around the edge, leaving a small opening to thread the drawstring through. Use a sturdy cord or rope for the drawstring, which you can pull to close the bag securely.
Custom Features
To make your golf shoe bag even more functional, consider adding custom features. Ventilation eyelets can be installed near the top of the bag to promote airflow, keeping your shoes fresh. Extra pockets can be sewn on the outside or inside of the bag to hold items like tees, balls, or shoe cleaning supplies. For a personalized touch, add embroidery or iron-on patches with your initials, a golf logo, or a favorite design.
7. Conclusion
A golf shoe bag might seem like a small addition to your golf gear, but it can have a big impact. From keeping your shoes in top condition to adding a touch of style to your golf ensemble, it’s a purchase worth considering. Whether you go for a luxury leather bag or a simple, affordable option, the right golf shoe bag is out there, ready to make your life easier and your golf game that much more enjoyable.
8. FAQs About Golf Shoe Bags
- What size golf shoe bag should I buy?
Look for a bag that fits your shoe size comfortably with some extra space for accessories like socks or a shoehorn. - Can I use a golf shoe bag for other purposes?
Absolutely! Golf shoe bags can be great for any athletic shoes or even for travel purposes to keep shoes separated from clothing. - Are all golf shoe bags waterproof?
Not all of them, but many are designed with water-resistant materials. Always check the product details to ensure your bag offers the protection you need. - Do golf shoe bags come with a warranty?
It depends on the brand. High-end brands often offer warranties, but always check the specific product details. - How can I personalize my golf shoe bag?
Many brands offer options for adding monograms or custom embroidery. You can also use iron-on patches or fabric paint for a DIY approach.
Resources
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4495438/
